Conflict and its Shockwaves: Escalating Impacts and Risks for Energy, Water and Food Systems in the Arab Region

The conflict in the Arab region is placing increasing strain on interconnected energy, water and food systems. The near closure of the Strait of Hormuz has driven sharp increases in energy prices, constrained oil and liquefied natural gas exports, and intensified fiscal pressures on already fragile economies. Damage to energy infrastructure, along with elevated insurance and transport costs, has further reduced supply from traditional markets, prompting both producers and consumers to seek alternative sources. Water security risks have also intensified, particularly in Gulf Cooperation Council countries that rely heavily on desalination from Gulf waters. At the same time, disruptions to food imports, fertilizer supplies and agricultural production are amplifying price shocks and deepening vulnerabilities, especially in low-income, food import-dependent Arab countries with limited reserves.

Transboundary environmental risks are compounding these challenges, contributing to greater insecurity across energy, water and food systems, and underscoring the need for stronger early warning mechanisms. The present policy brief highlights the urgency of coordinated regional action to secure critical supply chains, strengthen strategic reserves, diversify trade routes, and enhance resilience across these interconnected systems.

To read the full article: click here