Writer: Shahir Ishak, Kia Howson
This paper argues that the prevailing model of narrowly targeted social assistance in MENA is structurally misaligned with the scale and distribution of vulnerability in the region. Drawing on evidence from Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Lebanon, it makes the case for a transition to inclusive, lifecycle-based social security systems combining universal tax-financed benefits with contributory insurance — and demonstrates that sufficient fiscal space exists to fund such a shift through subsidy reform and progressive taxation.
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