This national social protection country profile for Egypt presents a comprehensive overview of the current system and its main programmes, identifies key reform needs, and outlines policy options to improve coverage, efficiency and sustainability.
Over the past decade, Egypt has undertaken significant reforms, including phasing out general subsidies and introducing the Takaful and Karama cash transfer programme for vulnerable groups. Efforts to support the economic empowerment of poor households have included asset transfers, micro-loans and related schemes. Social and health insurance coverage has also expanded. Moving forward, Egypt has the opportunity to address remaining gaps and strengthen coordination, coverage, adequacy and inclusivity, to build a more resilient social protection system that supports the most vulnerable and aligns with national development goals.
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